Both and Neither

In this activity, children will explore familiar objects to learn about categories. In the process, they will discover that some things do not fit into either/or categories.

Early pride concepts

  • Learning colors, letters or numbers
  • Gender in all of its expressions
  • This activity also teaches about attributes that we use to categorize such as color, shape and size, as well as concepts such as: both/neither, same/different and some/all. These are foundational to understanding that categories have exceptions!

Age groups

  • Infants/toddlers
  • Two-year-olds

Classroom areas

  • Manipulatives
  • Any other small group area or center

Step 1: Gather materials.

  • Familiar objects with multiple attributes (such as multiple shapes and colors)
  • People figures (if desired)

Step 2: Introduce activity.

  • Provide a variety of small objects (such as animals, vehicles and people figures) that can be sorted and categorized.

Step 3: Engage children in activity.

  • Encourage the children to explore the objects.
  • Model categorizing the items by attributes.
  • Your categories or groups can include concepts such as:
    • Size (big/small)
    • Color
    • Types of vehicles (cars/trucks/buses)
  • If you include figures, encourage the children to group the figures by observable features such as hair (long/short), age (kids/grownups), texture (hard/soft), or clothing by color rather than gender.
  • When the children begin to identify the genders of the figures, encourage them to talk about how they arrived at their conclusions about gender. This is a natural opportunity to help them understand that: "We learn about gender by asking."

Adaptations by age

Infants and toddlers
  • As the youngest children explore interesting objects, introduce similarities and differences. For example, you can say: “They’re BOTH purple” to foster an understanding of the emerging concept of categories.
  • You might also model “asking” a people figure about their gender by inquiring: “Are you a boy, girl or neither?”
Two-year-olds
  • Build on the children's interest in grouping their objects and figures by physical properties.
  • As they begin to categorize by physical properties, point out and emphasize exceptions to a category. For example, you might say: “That is not red or blue. It’s neither.”
Preschoolers
  • Guide and support the older children as they group items by multiple attributes.
  • You can also introduce a pretend-play component by suggesting that the preschoolers pretend to “ask” the people figures about their gender identities.

Suggested books

  • Neither  by Airlie Anderson

What Illinois Early Learning Guideline does this meet for children from birth to age three?

Developmental DomainCognitive Development
Standard: Concept DevelopmentChildren demonstrate the ability to connect pieces of information in understanding objects, ideas and relationships.
Indicators for children:
  • Focuses and begins to distinguish between familiar and unfamiliar objects, sounds and people. (Birth9 months)
  •  Identifies and indicates objects and people in pictures, e.g., points. (7–18 months)
  •  Begins to identify and name objects and people. (16–24 months)
  •  Purposefully arranges similar objects, e.g., divides plastic blocks into a red group, a blue group, and a yellow group. (21–36 months)
  • Identifies categories, e.g., able to point out all the animals within a picture even with different types of objects represented

What Illinois Early Learning and Development Standards does this meet for preschoolers?

Mathematics Standard8AExplore objects and patterns.
  • Benchmark 8.A.ECa:

    Sort, order, compare, and describe objects according to characteristics or attribute(s).

Science Standard12CExplore the physical properties of objects.
  • Benchmark 12.C.ECa:

    Identify, describe, and compare the physical properties of objects.

Social/Emotional Development Standard30BRecognize own uniqueness and personal qualities.
  • Benchmark 30.B.ECa:

    Describe self using several basic characteristics.